It will be observed that water was used in all the above experiments, where phosphuretted hydrogen was obtained. It is by its decomposition that the hydrogen is extricated. In the first experiment, the oxygen of the water Uniting with the phosphorus, forms phosphoric acid, which is absorbed by the alkali, while the hydrogen being set free, unites with a quantity of the phosphorus, forming phosphoretted hydrogen.
In the next experiment, the hydrogen is furnished by the decomposition of the water, by the zmc, and sulphuric acid.
The phosphuret of lime decomposes the water by uniting with its oxygen, while the hydrogen unites to a quantity of phosphorus as above.
136. Phosphorus readily combines with sulphur, forming a phogphuret of sulphur.
137. In the natural state, phosphorus is found combined'with lime in the form of an acid, forming phosphate of lime, which is the composition of bones.
OF SULPHUR.
138. Sulphur is a well 'known substance of a yellow colour, without much taste and without smell unless it is heated or rubbed. So far as is known, it is a simple body. It exists in nature in great abundance, being found in the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms : but chiefly in the latter. .
Obs. The sulphur of commerce is chiefly dug out of the earth in volcanic countries, or in the craters of extinct volcanoes. It is deposited in these places by sublimation, being brought up by the heat from the depths below, where it existed in combination with metallic substances. It is also obtained, of an inferior quality, during the process of refining coppor ore.
gucci outlet 139- When sulphur is heated to a little above the temperature of boiling water, it melts and becomes completely fluid. But it is a singular fact, that if the heat be raised much above this, it again becomes solid, and becomes fluid again as the temperature is reduced.
If after it is melted, it is safiered to cool, it shoots into crystals.
140. When sulphur is in complete fusion, if it is poured into.water it becomes soft and tenacious like wax.
Obs. in this slate it is made use of to take impressions from medals and engraved stones, and as it soon becomes hard, it will retain tni impression for any length of time.louis vuitton outlet
141. When sulphur is exposed to a beat of about 300 degrees, it sublimes, or is converted into vapor.
Obs. In this stale it is called Jlawers of sulphur, and differs from brimstone only in being more pure, and in a state of minute division
142. Sulphur combines with the earths, alkalies, and metals, and forms a class of compounds called sulphurets.
About half fill an oil flask with water; put in two or three grains of phosphorus and let the water boil. If this is done in a dark place, balls and jets of fire will be seen shooting about on the surface, affording a very curious spectacle.
134. Phosphorus combines with oxygen in two proportions, forming the phosphorus and phosphoric acids J see acids.
It also unites with hydrogen, forming phosphuretted hydrogen.
Exp. 1. Make a solution of pure potash in water, with which fill a small retort. Put into it a few grains of phosphorus and make the solution boil. Bubbles of phosphuretted hydrogen will be extricated and will take fire, as they come in contact with the air. In making this experiment, care must be taken to fill the retort entirely full of the liquid, otherwise the gas will explode, as it reaches the air in the retort. The mouth of the retort must be dipped in a hot solution of the same liquid. The most convenient way of making the experiment, is to cut a piece of wood in a triangular shape, as in fig. 28; on which the retort is to be fastened, while the beak is immersed in. the hot solution, and the heat of the lamp is applied at the proper place.
2. Pour about two ounces of water into a thin glass vessel, and put into it two drams of granunated zinc, and ten grains of phosphorus cut into small pieces, then add two thirds of an ounce of strong sulphuric acid. This affords a very amusing experiment. Bubbles |of phosphuretted hydrogen cover the surface of the water, taking fire as fast as they reach the air.
135. Phosphorus combines with the fixed alkalies and earths, forming a class of compounds called phosphurets.
Obs. Among those compounds the phosphuret of lime, possesses the curious property of giving out phosphuretted hydrogen whenever it is thrown into water.
Exp. To prepare phosphuret of lime, take a glass tube about 12 inches long and half an inch in diameter, stopped at one end. Put first into the tube about a dram of phospborus, and let it occupy the end that is closed. Then hold the tube horizontally and push into it with a wire, pieces of fresh burned quick lime, about the size of split peas, until it is nearly full, taking care that the lime does not reach the phosphorus by an inch or two ; then stop the mouth of the tube loosely, to prevent the free access of air. Next heat the part of the tube red hot where the lime is, by means of a chafing dish of charcoal, taking care to keep the phosphorus cool ; when the lime is red hot, bring a hot iron, or lamp, under the phosphorus, so as to sublime it and bring the vapor in contact with the red hot lime. The lime and phosphorus will unite and form a compound* of a reddish brown colour. This is phosphuret of lime. If a few grains of it be thrown into a glass of water, bubbles of phosphurretted hydrogen are soon extricated from it, which take fire, with a slight explosion, as fast as they reach the surface, affording except the smell, a very beautiful experiment.
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